A research team from the University of Cologne, in collaboration with colleagues from the Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology in Freising, has discovered a receptor for bitter taste in twelve different cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays). The receptor belongs to the so-called taste receptors type 2 (T2R), which also make humans perceive bitter and potentially toxic foods. Until now, it was assumed that such receptors only occur in bony vertebrates. The work was published under the title 'A singular shark bitter taste receptor provides insights into the evolution of bitter taste perception' in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
In the past, molecular research has had limited information on sharks, as their genomes are often relatively large. Therefore, sequencing is often more complex and takes longer than with many other animals. However, the techniques are more advanced nowadays, providing ever more information on the gene sequences of many cartilaginous fishes. This enabled the neurobiologists lecturer (Privatdozent) Dr Maik Behrens and Tatjana Lang from the Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology and Professor Dr Sigrun Korsching at the Institute of Genetics of the University of Cologne to specifically search for bitter taste receptors in cartilaginous fish.
Twelve out of seventeen cartilaginous fish genomes studied contained genes for the taste receptors type 2, with only one T2R gene present in each species. The researchers named this single gene T2R1. The fact that only a single T2R gene was found suggests that it is the original form of these bitter taste receptors, which was not altered by gene duplication and subsequent different specialization of the resulting receptors.
Read more at Science Daily
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