Movement sensors can detect disease in wild boar

Behavioral sensors attached to wild boars have been used to detect when animals are sick with African Swine Fever, a fatal viral disease that affects both boar and domestic pigs. Accelerometer sensors, which measure tiny changes in movement, showed that wild boars reduced their daily activity by up to 20 percent when infected with the virus. The findings, published by scientists from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, show that lightweight sensors can detect sickness behavior in wild boar -- raising the possibility of a minimally invasive tool to assist in the control and prevention of African Swine Fever.

Although the virus cannot be transmitted to humans, African Swine Fever is a major threat to the global pig industry and has significant economic and social impact. The highly contagious virus spreads easily between wild boar and domestic pigs, and so knowing when a disease outbreak occurs in the wild and on farms is important for curbing the spread of African Swine Fever. But detecting disease in wild animals is not straight forward. Currently, testing for African Swine Fever in wild boar is done by sampling animals that are either hunted or found dead, which creates a long lag between when the disease emerges in a population to when it is actually detected.

Seeking to reduce this lag, scientists from Germany, Spain and Austria teamed up to investigate if technology that 'reads' an animal's behavior could be harnessed for early detection of disease in wild boar. Their findings point to the potential of accelerometer sensors as an accessible tool that can support the existing disease management approaches for African Swine Fever surveillance and control. "This is a game-changer for wildlife disease monitoring," says Kevin Morelle, first author of the study and a scientist with the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior. "We show that a lightweight behavioral sensor deployed on a wild animal can be a sentinel for potential health threats."

Accelometers measure animals' movements

The scientists attached accelerometer tags, weighting 30 grams, on twelve wild boars that were studied in controlled conditions. The boars were infected with African Swine Fever as part of a separate study aimed at developing a vaccine against the disease. The accelerometers, which are the equivalent of 'Fitbits' or pedometers, took ultra-high resolution measurements of the animals' movements. The measurements, called 'Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration', showed how much the boars were active. The scientists found that when boars became sick with African Swine Fever, they were ten to twenty percent less active daily than when they were healthy. To validate the findings, the study authors attached accelerometers to a group of healthy boars living in natural conditions. They then compared the activity patterns of infected and healthy wild boar.

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